Final answer:
Histamine 2 blockers, or H₂-receptor antagonists, reduce the production of stomach acid to treat ulcers, GERD, and other acid-related stomach conditions. They are used for both treatment and prevention of heartburn caused by acid indigestion. They differ from antacids and PPIs, and are often used in combination with other treatments, such as antibiotics for H. pylori-induced ulcers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Histamine 2 Blockers (Antiulcer Drugs):
Histamine 2 blockers, also known as H₂-receptor antagonists, are a class of medications that work by decreasing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. These drugs are used to treat various conditions such as ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and other conditions where the stomach overproduces acid, like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Common examples include ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid AC), and cimetidine (Tagamet). Unlike antacids, which neutralize stomach acid, H₂ blockers reduce acid production. They do not kill the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, which is often responsible for causing ulcers. Instead, if H. pylori is present, antibiotics are used. In addition to treating ulcers, H₂ blockers can prevent and treat symptoms of heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach.
Moreover, H₂ blockers are distinct from proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole (Prilosec), although both types of medication serve to reduce gastric acid secretion. They are available both over-the-counter and by prescription, depending on the medication and the dosage. H₂ blockers can also be used as part of a treatment regimen for milder allergic reactions and inflammation, although they are primarily known for their role in managing gastric acid-related issues.
It is important for individuals to consult a healthcare professional before starting long-term treatment with H₂ blockers, as chronic conditions may require a different or combined therapy. Additionally, while H₂ blockers can alleviate pain and indigestion associated with ulcers, switching from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to COX-2 selective inhibitors like Celebrex (celecoxib) may be advised to allow for ulcer healing and to possibly mitigate stomach problems.