Final answer:
The pancreatic hormone that promotes an increase in blood glucose levels is glucagon option (B), which is secreted by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose, stimulating the liver to increase glucose release into the bloodstream.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pancreatic Hormones and Blood Glucose Levels:
The pancreatic hormone that promotes an increase in blood glucose levels is glucagon option (B). Produced by alpha cells within the pancreatic islets or the islets of Langerhans, glucagon plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, particularly by elevating blood glucose when it falls below normal levels. It achieves this by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream. On the other hand, insulin, another hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells, works to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the cellular uptake of glucose and its conversion into glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.
The secretion of glucagon is a direct response to decreased blood glucose levels, whereas the release of insulin is triggered by elevated blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, other hormones such as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) have more nuanced roles and are not primarily responsible for raising blood glucose levels.