Final answer:
Schizophrenia option (B) is the psychiatric disorder that involves a loss of perception of reality, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and negative symptoms, with treatment generally involving antipsychotic medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychiatric Disorder with Loss of Reality Perception:
The psychiatric disorder that involves a loss of the perception of reality is schizophrenia option (B). Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects approximately one percent of people in the United States. It is characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impair an individual's ability to distinguish between reality and their imagination. Common experiences among those with schizophrenia include hallucinations (such as hearing voices), delusions, and various negative symptoms such as emotional flatness and loss of pleasure. Typically, the onset of schizophrenia occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, and the development of the disorder is associated with malfunctioning dopaminergic neurons, potentially alongside problems with glutamate signaling. The treatment typically involves antipsychotic medications that block dopamine receptors to reduce dopamine neurotransmission in the brain, which can ameliorate the symptoms, although they often remain a lifelong necessity.