Final answer:
Pain medications are dosed based on individual needs, with decreased dosages in cases like drug interaction or sensitivities, and increased dosages for severe or chronic pain management. Medications such as morphine, oxycodone, and codeine can be adjusted under medical supervision.
Step-by-step explanation:
Decreased and Increased Dosages of Pain Medications
Pain medications, which can be categorized as analgesics and narcotics, can have their dosages adjusted according to specific clinical situations. Decreased dosages may be required in cases such as when patients have certain medical conditions that affect drug metabolism, in the elderly, or when patients are taking other medications that can enhance the effects of pain relievers, thereby reducing the need for higher doses. Conversely, increased dosages of these medications might be necessary in situations like severe acute pain, tolerance development after long-term use, or when managing pain related to cancer or during post-surgical recovery.
Commonly prescribed opioids for pain management include morphine, which is often used before and after surgical procedures, oxycodone, for moderate to severe pain, and codeine, usually prescribed for mild to moderate pain. These medications can be given in higher doses under strict medical supervision due to the risks of side effects and addiction. On the other hand, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and non-opioid prescription pain relievers are also available, usually at lower doses, and are used for less severe pain.