Final answer:
Hemodialysis is the medical procedure that removes wastes and excess ions from the blood, acting as an artificial kidney for patients with kidney failure, and it is performed multiple times a week in a hospital or specialized clinic. correct answer is • hemodialysis .
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure that removes nitrogenous wastes and excess ions directly from the blood, replacing the normal function of the kidneys, is known as hemodialysis. This medical process is critical for patients with kidney failure, where the kidneys can no longer filter the blood effectively. During hemodialysis, a machine externally filters the patient’s blood through a dialyzer or artificial kidney. Blood flows through cellophane tubes within the dialyzer, which is surrounded by an isotonic solution that helps to remove urea and other waste products by diffusion and ultrafiltration.
Unlike other options such as renal transplant, which is a surgical procedure to replace a failing kidney with a healthy one from a donor, or peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood inside the body, hemodialysis is often done in a hospital or special clinic setting. Nephrography is not a treatment method but an imaging technique for kidneys. Dialysis technicians are healthcare professionals trained to operate the dialysis machines and monitor patients during treatment, which is usually required multiple times a week.