Final answer:
The medical term for inflammation of the kidney is nephritis (option 4). Pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis are examples of kidney infections that can cause inflammation and potentially serious complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for inflammation of the kidney is nephritis.
Pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis are examples of kidney infections that can cause inflammation and potentially serious complications. Pyelonephritis is an infection of one or both of the kidneys and may develop from a lower urinary tract infection, while glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filtering units of the kidneys). Both conditions can lead to symptoms such as fever, back pain, and urinary problems.
Other options listed in the question are incorrect:
- Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, not the kidney.
- Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra, not the kidney.
- Nephrolithiasis refers to the formation of kidney stones, which is different from inflammation of the kidney.