Final answer:
The medical term for sugar in the urine is glycosuria, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and diagnosed using Benedict's test. It indicates an excessive amount of glucose in the urine that exceeds the kidney's ability to reabsorb it. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for sugar in the urine is glycosuria. This condition occurs when there is an excess of plasma glucose, which can happen in cases such as diabetes mellitus, leading to glucose being excreted in the urine because it exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the renal tubules.
Glycosuria is often detected using Benedict's test in biochemistry labs. It is important to be aware of its various causes, which include:
- Insulin deficiency or resistance affecting glucose uptake by the cells.
- Presence of competing anti-insulin factors like epinephrine and glucagon.
- Conditions such as pregnancy, which can exert pressure on the abdomen, potentially causing glycosuria.
Other forms of sugars in the urine include fructosuria, pentosuria, lactosuria, and galactosuria, each related to the presence of different types of sugars and associated with specific enzymatic deficiencies or states such as lactation or pregnancy. Option D. is the correct one.