Final answer:
Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution lists specific powers that are denied to Congress, which include denying certain judicial powers, financial impositions, and restrictions on legislative authority, aimed at protecting individual freedoms and maintaining a balance between state and federal government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Article I, Section 9: Restrictions on Congressional Powers
The U.S. Constitution outlines several powers that are denied to Congress, primarily to avoid the type of tyranny experienced under British rule and to safeguard individual freedoms and state sovereignty. In summary, Article I, Section 9 prohibits Congress from:
- Suspending the writ of habeas corpus, unless in cases of rebellion or invasion.
- Passing bills of attainder.
- Enacting ex post facto laws.
- Granting titles of nobility.
- Levying taxes on goods exported from any state.
- Preferentially treating ports of one state over those of another.
- Requiring that ships from one state pay duties in another.
- Spending money from the Treasury without a law authorizing the expenditure.
- Granting any title of nobility and ensuring that no government official accepts titles, offices, or gifts from foreign states without Congressional approval.
These restrictions ensure checks and balances within the federal system and protect individual and state rights.