Final answer:
The Cl- concentration in the North Pacific with a salinity of 36.1 can be calculated using proportional relationships from the North Atlantic concentrations, and the calculated Cl- concentration would be approximately 541.5 mM.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the Cl- concentration in surface water of the North Pacific with a salinity of 36.1, based on the given Cl- concentration in the North Atlantic with a salinity of 37.0, one will assume that the salinity directly correlates with the concentration of Cl-. In this case, we use a simple proportion because both the North Atlantic and North Pacific have similar compositions, with chloride being a significant part of the salinity in both bodies of water.
The Cl- concentration in the North Atlantic is provided as 555 mM. Applying a proportion based on salinity (555 mM is to 37.0 as X mM is to 36.1), the calculation is as follows:
X = (555 mM * 36.1) / 37.0
X ≈ 541.5 mM
Therefore, the Cl- concentration in the surface water of the North Pacific with a salinity of 36.1 would be approximately 541.5 mM.