Final answer:
Insulin is produced in the pancreas by beta cells and regulates blood glucose by facilitating its uptake, while glucagon is produced by alpha cells and raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas within specialized clusters of endocrine cells known as the islets of Langerhans. The three main functions of insulin include: 1) promoting the uptake of glucose by body cells, 2) converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles, and 3) reducing the breakdown of fats and proteins. On the other hand, glucagon is produced by the alpha cells in the same pancreatic islets. The two functions of glucagon are: 1) stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose, and 2) increasing blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis. These hormones work in tandem to maintain the homeostasis of blood-glucose levels.