Final answer:
An arrhythmia is usually caused by a defect in the electrical conduction system of the heart, such as abnormalities in the SA or AV node. External factors can also contribute, including metabolic disorders and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve a pacemaker if serious.
Step-by-step explanation:
The usual cause of an arrhythmia is a defect in the electrical conduction of the heart. When electrical signals that coordinate heartbeats don't function properly, an irregular heartbeat can occur. This irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, can be the result of various factors. One of the main causes includes abnormalities in either the SA or AV node which are inherent factors of the condition. However, external causes such as metabolic disorders, endocrine system pathologies, electrolyte imbalances, neurological disorders, autoimmune pathologies, and the over-prescription of beta-blockers can also lead to an arrhythmia.
Bradycardia, a type of arrhythmia, indicates a heart rate that is too slow. This can be due to ischemia to the heart muscle, heart vessel or valve diseases, or can even be a sign of an underlying condition such as thyroid problems or electrolyte imbalance. If bradycardia is serious, it may require the implementation of a pacemaker. Other types of arrhythmias, like tachycardia, represent a heart rate that is too fast. Establishing the underlying cause of the arrhythmia is essential for appropriate treatment, which could vary from managing a metabolic disorder to fixing an electrolyte balance or possibly using a pacemaker.