Final answer:
The bolus of fluid is administered rapidly to a patient in shock, often starting with isotonic crystalloid solutions, with the rate depending on individual patient factors and closely monitored vital signs.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient appears to be in shock, with symptoms such as a weak, 'thready' pulse, cool and clammy skin, hypothermia, and a rapid, shallow breathing, immediate medical intervention is required. The rate at which a bolus of fluid is administered to a shocky patient depends on the severity of the hypovolemia and the individual patient's condition. Fluid resuscitation generally begins with a rapid infusion of isotonic crystalloid solutions, like 0.9% sodium chloride (saline), or lactated Ringer's solution.
If there's a risk of significant blood loss, establishing appropriate vascular access is vital for rapid fluid delivery. The amount of fluid given and the infusion rate are carefully calculated based on the patient's weight, age, the cause of the shock, and the patient's response to the initial fluid resuscitation. An initial bolus might consist of 500-1000 mL for adults or 20 mL/kg for children, administered as quickly as possible while closely monitoring the patient's vital signs and urine output.