Final answer:
Hypertension, the medical term for high blood pressure, is a condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure with readings of 140/90 mm Hg or above. It often lacks symptoms, making it a 'silent killer' that increases the risk of several serious health problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Hypertension
The medical term hypertension refers to a chronic condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It can be broken down into the prefix 'hyper-' meaning 'high' or 'over,' and the root word 'tension' referring to pressure. As such, hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings of 140/90 mm Hg or above are considered hypertensive. Those with readings between 120/80 and 140/90 mm Hg fall into the category of prehypertension.
This condition is particularly dangerous as it often does not present symptoms, leading it to be known as the "silent killer." Without symptoms, individuals may not recognize the severity of their condition and neglect necessary treatments. Untreated hypertension increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Lifestyle changes and medications are primary treatments for managing hypertension.