Final answer:
Hoarseness due to aortic arch compression is caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, leading to vocal cord paralysis. This nerve damage can affect speech and breathing and may require medical intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hoarseness due to aortic arch compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve results in vocal cord paralysis. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx, or voice box. When compressed, such as by an enlarged aorta or an aortic aneurysm, it can lead to hoarseness or loss of voice.
This is because the affected nerve is unable to properly control the muscles of the vocal cords, leading to paralysis and an inability to function normally. Vocal cord paralysis can significantly affect one's ability to speak and, in some cases, breathe. In severe cases, it may necessitate medical interventions such as surgery or voice therapy to improve voice function or protect the airway.