Final answer:
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) or Mitral Valve Incompetence (MVI) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, occurring when the chordae tendineae are damaged, leading to regurgitation and potentially a heart murmur. It is the most common valve disorder, detected in approximately 2 percent of the population.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) or Mitral Valve Incompetence (MVI), commonly involving the mitral valve or left atrioventricular valve, is usually seen when the valve between the left atrium and ventricle does not function properly. The mitral valve consists of two flaps of tissue secured by chordae tendineae to papillary muscles in the ventricle. If the chordae tendineae are damaged, the valve may prolapse, leading to regurgitation where blood flows backward disrupting the normal blood flow and potentially producing a heart murmur.
Mitral regurgitation is the most common valve disorder, found in approximately 2 percent of the population. On the other hand, the pulmonary semilunar valve is the least frequently involved in valve disorders. Valve insufficiency, including mitral insufficiency, occurs when the flow of blood to a region is disrupted due to a malfunctioning valve. This can be due to congenital defects, disease processes, or trauma, with treatments varying based on severity, from monitoring to medication and surgery.