Final answer:
To address spasticity secondary to nervous disorders like multiple sclerosis, medications such as baclofen, tizanidine, and botulinum toxin injections are used. These treatments aim to reduce muscle contractions through different mechanisms, with physical therapy also playing a supportive role.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treating Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Spasticity is a common symptom in various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Medications used to manage spasticity associated with nervous system disorders work by impacting neurological pathways to reduce excessive muscle contractions.
Although multiple sclerosis cannot be cured, treatment options aim to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients.
Drugs such as baclofen and tizanidine, which act as muscle relaxants, are commonly prescribed to reduce spasticity. They work by inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
Additionally, botulinum toxin injections have been effective in treating localized spasticity by preventing the release of neurotransmitters involved in muscle contraction.
In the case of severe spasticity not responsive to oral medications, intrathecal baclofen therapy may be considered, where the medication is delivered directly into the spinal canal via a pump.
Other Considerations
When managing spasticity in MS or similar disorders, it is essential to monitor for side effects and adjust treatment accordingly. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also be invaluable adjuncts to pharmacological treatment to help patients maintain functional abilities.
Consulting a healthcare professional specializing in neurology or rehabilitation medicine is crucial for optimal management of spasticity in MS.