Final answer:
Risk factors for recurrent calcium stones include high consumption of cola soft drinks, high intake of animal protein, being overweight, and not drinking enough fluids. Preventive measures include limiting cola consumption, eating less animal protein, losing weight, increasing fluid intake, and taking certain medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk factors for recurrent calcium stones include high consumption of cola soft drinks, eating a diet high in animal protein, being overweight, and not drinking enough fluids. Other risk factors may include underlying metabolic conditions such as renal tubular acidosis, Dent's disease, medullary sponge kidney, hyperparathyroidism, and conditions that cause high blood uric acid levels such as gout and leukemias/lymphomas treated by chemotherapy. Preventive measures for recurrent calcium stones include limiting cola consumption, eating less animal protein, losing weight, increasing fluid intake, and taking certain medications like thiazides, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, and allopurinol.