Final answer:
The ascent of kidneys during fetal development can be obstructed by congenital and acquired factors, leading to diseases and disorders such as polycystic kidney disease and kidney stones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ascent of kidneys during fetal development can be obstructed by congenital factors such as congenital hydronephrosis, congenital obstruction of urinary tract, duplicated ureter, horse-shoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, renal dysplasia, unilateral small kidney, and multicystic dysplastic kidney. Acquired factors like diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and hydronephrosis (enlargement of the kidneys caused by obstruction of urine flow) can also obstruct the ascent of kidneys.
This obstruction can lead to various diseases and disorders of the kidney. For example, polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple abnormal cysts in the kidneys. The symptoms may include high blood pressure, headaches, abdominal pain, blood in the urine, and excessive urination.
Another common disorder caused by obstruction is kidney stones, which can cause severe pain and hematuria (bloody urine) due to damage to the lining of the urinary tract.