Final answer:
A urostomy or cystostomy is a surgical procedure creating a new, permanent opening in the bladder, known as a stoma, often necessary due to urinary complications like vesicoureteral reflux. It diverts urine away from the bladder and out through the abdominal wall.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical procedure that would result in a new, permanent opening in the bladder is called a urostomy or cystostomy. This procedure is often necessary when a person cannot urinate naturally due to injury, disease, or obstruction. During a urostomy, an opening is created in the abdominal wall, and the ureters are diverted from the bladder to this new opening, called a stoma. This allows urine to be expelled from the body without going through the bladder. The surgical risks associated with such a procedure include infection and complications from the surgery itself.
Complications such as vesicoureteral reflux can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTI) and may necessitate a urostomy. When discussing urinary anatomy, it's important to note that the kidneys and ureters are retroperitoneal and the bladder is covered by peritoneum only over the dome. Peristalsis helps propel urine through the ureters into the bladder, and the oblique entry of ureters into the bladder prevents urine reflux.