Final answer:
Parinaud syndrome accompanied by headaches and vomiting in a little boy is indicative of a brain tumor, often located in the pineal region, with germinomas and pineoblastomas being common types in children.
Step-by-step explanation:
A typical presentation for a child with Parinaud syndrome, headaches, and vomiting could suggest the presence of a brain tumor, often located in the pineal region. The set of symptoms such as vomiting and headaches can be related to increased intracranial pressure due to a mass effect from the tumor. Parinaud syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is associated with a group of eye movement disorders, which arises due to compression or damage in the area of the brain responsible for vertical gaze (the dorsal midbrain).
While this syndrome doesn't diagnose the type of tumor, it does indicate the region of the brain that may be affected. In children, common tumors in this part of the brain include germinomas or pineal region tumors such as pineoblastomas. These tumors can obstruct the cerebral aqueduct, leading to hydrocephalus, which could contribute to symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure like headaches and vomiting.