Final answer:
To assist with urination difficulties after surgery, a cholinergic drug may be used. Diuretics can increase urine frequency by inhibiting Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle. For atropine poisoning, a muscarinic agonist serves as an antidote.
Step-by-step explanation:
Following major surgery, Tommy has difficulty urinating. To help alleviate this condition, a type of drug that might be helpful is d. cholinergic. Cholinergic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and can help increase bladder contraction and facilitate urination. In the case of a drug with a side effect that increases the frequency of urination, the drug is most likely labeled as an oliguric, which is incorrect in this context as oliguria refers to the production of abnormally small amounts of urine. However, if the intended term was diuretic, such drugs, particularly those acting on the loop of Henle, can inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- leading to increased urine production. An antidote to atropine poisoning would be a c. muscarinic agonist, as atropine is an anticholinergic medication that blocks muscarinic receptors. A muscarinic agonist would compete with atropine for the same receptors, potentially reversing its effects.