Final answer:
Physiological changes from drugs include drug action and effect, with systemic effects impacting the entire body and local effects being area-specific.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physiological changes due to drugs can be classified under several categories such as drug action, drug effect, systemic effect, and local effects. Drug action refers to the mechanism by which psychoactive drugs produce changes in the brain chemistry, affecting a person's mood, thinking, perception, and behavior, acting as either agonists, which enhance neurotransmitter activity, or antagonists, which decrease it. Drug effect is the actual result of the drug action on the body, which can range from changes in mental state to altered physical functioning. The systemic effect of a drug impacts the entire body rather than a localized area, often involving the central nervous system and potentially leading to addiction. Conversely, local effects pertain to the area where the drug was applied and are confined to that specific location.