Final answer:
In acute pulmonary embolism (PE), EKG findings can include tachycardia, S1Q3T3 pattern, right bundle branch block, and nonspecific ST-T changes. Echocardiography might reveal right ventricular dysfunction, McConnell's sign, and increased pulmonary artery pressure. However, Echo findings are not definitive for PE diagnosis, which typically requires a CT pulmonary angiogram.
Step-by-step explanation:
Possible EKG and Echo Findings in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) can present with various nonspecific findings on an electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) and echocardiogram (Echo). In PE, EKG findings may include tachycardia, which is a rapid heart rate. Other possible EKG signs are S1Q3T3 pattern (a specific finding consisting of a large S wave in lead I, a Q wave in lead III, and an inverted T wave in lead III), transient right bundle branch block, and nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave changes. In some cases, T waves may appear flatter due to insufficient oxygen delivery to the myocardium.
An echocardiogram, on the other hand, may show signs such as right ventricular dysfunction, which includes right ventricular dilatation and hypokinesis. Additionally, an Echo may show the presence of McConnell's sign (distinct regional right ventricular free wall akinesia with apical sparing), and increased pulmonary artery pressure. It should be noted, however, that echocardiographic findings are not definitive for the diagnosis of PE and may complement the clinical assessment and other imaging studies like CT pulmonary angiogram, which is the gold standard for diagnosing PE.