Final answer:
Immediate treatments for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include administering supplemental oxygen, aspirin, and sublingual nitroglycerine to improve blood flow to the heart. Longer-term treatments for ACS may involve thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants, angioplasty with stents, or bypass surgery depending on the severity of the condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The immediate treatment for ACS involves administering supplemental oxygen, aspirin to break up clots, and sublingual nitroglycerine that helps in vasodilation. These treatments are aimed at improving blood flow to the heart. Longer-term treatments include thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants, angioplasty with stents, and bypass surgery.
Immediate Treatments:
- Administer supplemental oxygen to improve oxygenation.
- Give aspirin to break up clots and prevent further blockages.
- Administer nitroglycerine sublingually to dilate coronary arteries and improve blood flow.
Longer-term Treatments:
- Thrombolytic agents (e.g., streptokinase) are used to dissolve the clot.
- Anticoagulants like heparin are given to prevent clot formation.
- Balloon angioplasty and stenting are performed to open blocked blood vessels.
- In severe cases, bypass surgery may be necessary to bypass blocked arteries.
The choice of treatment depends on the severity and extent of the coronary artery disease.