Final answer:
Epiglottitis is an inflammation condition of the epiglottis, usually caused by H. influenzae type B. Symptoms include a severe sore throat, fever, and breathing difficulties. Treatment involves securing the airway, antibiotics, and supportive care.
Step-by-step explanation:
Epiglottitis is an acute inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue that prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing. The primary microbial cause of epiglottitis is typically H. influenzae type B, although it can also be caused by other bacteria and viruses. Treatment of epiglottitis involves securing the airway, administering appropriate antibiotics to treat the infection, and providing supportive care such as fever management and hydration.
The common signs and symptoms (S&Sx) of epiglottitis include severe sore throat, fever, a muffled or hoarse voice, difficulty breathing, and signs of airway obstruction. Due to the potential for rapid progression to airway obstruction, epiglottitis is considered a medical emergency. Microbiological diagnosis is established by identifying the causative organism, which is important for selecting effective antibiotics. In cases where H. influenzae is suspected, a cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone is often used. Support measures may also include corticosteroids to reduce epiglottic swelling.