Final answer:
The initial workup for nocturnal enuresis involves taking a medical history, performing a physical examination, and considering diagnostic tests based on the findings. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and may include behavioral interventions and medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The initial workup for nocturnal enuresis, also known as bedwetting, involves examining for underlying causes and determining appropriate treatment options. The first step is to take a detailed medical history and perform a physical examination. This may include asking about symptoms, reviewing the frequency and severity of bedwetting episodes, and assessing any associated factors such as urinary symptoms, constipation, or emotional stressors.
Additional diagnostic tests may be recommended based on the findings of the initial evaluation. These tests can include urine analysis to check for signs of infection or abnormalities in the urine, bladder function studies to assess the bladder's ability to store and empty urine, and ultrasound or other imaging studies to evaluate the structure of the urinary tract.
The treatment for nocturnal enuresis depends on the underlying cause. For primary nocturnal enuresis, which refers to bedwetting in children who have never achieved nighttime dryness, behavioral interventions, such as bladder training and moisture alarms, are often recommended as first-line treatments.
Medications, such as desmopressin or anticholinergic drugs, may also be prescribed in certain cases. For secondary nocturnal enuresis, which refers to bedwetting that occurs after a period of nighttime dryness, treatment is typically focused on addressing the underlying cause, such as treating a urinary tract infection or managing constipation.