Final answer:
Older age is the most important risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women due to reduced estrogen levels. Lifestyle changes such as healthy nutrition and exercise can help in reducing the risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most important risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fractures includes a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Of these, older age can be considered as the most significant, as bones naturally lose density and strength over time, making fractures more likely. The risk is especially elevated in women who have gone through menopause, typically around the age of 50, due to the decrease in estrogen levels which is crucial for maintaining bone density. Other critical risk factors include having a family history of osteoporosis, European or Asian ancestry, small body frame, as well as lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, poor nutrition, and low intake of calcium and vitamin D. To help reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis, one should focus on a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and maintain a regimen of weight-bearing exercises to enhance bone mass early in life.