Final answer:
Corrected sodium in a DKA patient is calculated using the formula: Corrected Na+ = Measured Na+ + 0.016 x (Serum glucose - 100). For dehydration, IV hydration starts with isotonic saline, and a mixture of saline and sodium lactate may follow depending on electrolyte losses. Monitoring the patient's response is essential to tailor the hydration therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
When calculating corrected sodium in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it is important to recognize that hyperglycemia can lead to a dilutional decrease in serum sodium levels. An equation often used to correct sodium for hyperglycemia is: Corrected Na+ = Measured Na+ + 0.016 × (Serum glucose - 100). This correction takes into account the effect of high blood sugar on sodium concentration.
To address dehydration in DKA, intravenous hydration is of paramount importance. Initial fluid resuscitation typically involves isotonic solutions like normal saline. In cases where there is significant excretion of sodium and bicarbonate, a combination solution, often two-thirds isotonic saline and one-third sodium lactate, may be administered intravenously.
The goal of IV hydration therapy is to restore normal hydration status, correct electrolyte imbalances, and reduce blood glucose levels. It is crucial to monitor the patient closely during treatment to adjust fluid type and rate of administration based on the patient's clinical response and laboratory results.