Final answer:
Ovarian torsion is a severe condition resulting from the ovary twisting on its supporting ligaments, leading to pain and possible loss of blood supply. The diagnosis is often confirmed through imaging, such as ultrasound, and treatment usually involves surgical intervention to untwist or remove the affected ovary.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency characterized by the twisting of the ovary on its ligamentous supports, which can lead to a cut-off in blood supply. It may present with sudden, severe abdominal pain, which can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and occasionally fever. In some cases, patients might also experience symptoms similar to those produced by ovarian cysts, such as irregular periods or pelvic pain.
For diagnosis, clinical evaluation is important, but imaging studies are often used to confirm the presence of torsion. Ultrasound is the most common initial imaging test, sometimes supplemented by MRI or CT scans as needed. Doppler ultrasound can be particularly useful to assess blood flow to the ovaries and determine if it is compromised.
Treatment typically involves surgery to untwist the ovary and, if possible, preserve ovarian function. If the ovary is necrotic due to lack of blood supply, it may need to be removed. Prompt medical attention is critical to avoid serious complications such as infection or loss of the ovary.