Final answer:
Bone repair begins with a fracture hematoma formation, followed by the creation of calli, replacement of cartilage by trabecular bone, and ends with bone remodeling. Capillaries, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts play key roles in this process. The entire process can be influenced by various health factors and may take several weeks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bone repair is a multi-step process that involves various stages to heal a fractured bone effectively. Initially, a fracture hematoma forms due to blood clotting from torn vessels, leading to bone cell death around the fracture. As healing progresses, an internal and external callus forms, providing stability and a scaffold for new tissue growth. Capillaries and phagocytic cells infiltrate the site, clearing dead cells and permitting fibroblasts and osteoblasts to lay down collagen and begin forming new bone.
This develops into a fibrocartilaginous callus comprising hyaline and fibrocartilage. The next step involves the callus being replaced with trabecular bone, followed by bone remodeling to restore the bone’s normal shape and strength over several weeks. Factors like diet, age, and the presence of bone diseases can influence the efficacy of bone repair.