Final Answer:
Ethambutol, commonly used in the treatment of tuberculosis, may cause side effects such as optic neuritis, leading to visual impairment. Contraindications include known hypersensitivity to ethambutol, severe renal impairment, and inability to perform vision tests. Drug interactions may occur with antacids containing aluminum, as they can reduce the absorption of ethambutol.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial medication frequently used in the treatment of tuberculosis. However, it is associated with potential side effects that warrant careful consideration. One notable side effect is optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve that can lead to visual impairment.
Therefore, regular monitoring of visual acuity and color vision is essential during ethambutol therapy. Contraindications include a known hypersensitivity to ethambutol, severe renal impairment, and an inability to perform vision tests, as these conditions may increase the risk of adverse effects.
Moreover, ethambutol can interact with antacids containing aluminum, which are commonly used to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. The coadministration of ethambutol with such antacids can reduce its absorption, potentially compromising its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is advisable to separate the administration of ethambutol and aluminum-containing antacids by at least two hours to minimize the risk of reduced drug absorption.
Healthcare providers should be vigilant in assessing the patient's medical history, conducting regular vision assessments, and considering potential drug interactions when prescribing ethambutol to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.