Final answer:
In patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and renal failure such as Arya, drugs like Gliclazide from the sulfonylureas class are prescribed with caution. Adverse reactions can occur, highlighting the importance of pharmacogenomics in personalizing treatment. Managing the disease also includes lifestyle modifications and addressing comorbidities.
Step-by-step explanation:
A person with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and moderate renal failure may require a careful selection of medications, balancing the need to control blood glucose levels with the potential impact on renal function. Gliclazide, a sulfonylurea, is often used because it stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin, addressing high blood glucose levels characteristic of diabetes. However, in the presence of renal failure, drug dosages and choices need to be meticulously managed to prevent further kidney damage and other complications like hypoglycemia, which can occur as a major side effect of sulfonylureas. Pharmacogenomics, also considered a "new frontier in medicine," can offer insight into why individuals like Arya respond differently to medications based on genetic differences. This field holds promise for personalizing medication regimens to optimize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions. Lifestyle changes and the management of coexisting health issues, such as cardiovascular disease and obesity, are critical components of comprehensive diabetes care that may reduce the need for or complement pharmaceutical treatments.