Final answer:
The nervous, respiratory, and muscular systems are the most affected during an anesthetic procedure, with the anesthesia causing muscle relaxation that impacts breathing and the nerves' ability to maintain normal bodily functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The body systems most affected and stressed during an anesthetic procedure include the nervous system, respiratory system, and the muscular system. The drugs used for anesthesia relax a majority of the body's muscles, which can affect the muscles necessary for breathing and moving the tongue. This imposes stress on the respiratory system as control of respiration transitions from the patient's homeostatic control to the anesthesiologist's intervention. Necessary precautions like endotracheal intubation are employed to maintain an open airway to the lungs. Additionally, the nervous system is involved as it must modify its normal function to adapt to the effects of the anesthesia, suppressing certain reflexes and responses.