Final answer:
The option that is not a necessary condition for ratification is that the third party benefiting from the ratification must give consideration for the ratification.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the given options, a. The third party benefiting from the ratification must give consideration for the ratification is not a necessary condition for ratification. In the context of ratification, typically of a contract or agreement, consideration from the third party is not required. The essential elements for ratification include:
- b. The agent must have purported to act on behalf of or as an agent for the identified principal
- c. The principal must have full knowledge of all material facts
- d. The principal must have been capable of authorizing the act both at the time of the act and at the time it was ratified.
These conditions ensure that the principal is making an informed decision and that they had, and still have, the authority to approve the act retrospectively.