Final answer:
Alternative venipuncture sites include the subclavian vein, internal jugular vein, and arm veins like the cephalic and basilic veins. In clinical practices, considerations for patient safety and monitoring for complications, such as infections at catheter sites, are essential.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alternative Venipuncture Sites and Venous Catheter Complications
When a patient requires a venipuncture procedure, it is sometimes necessary to select alternative sites due to various reasons such as the condition of traditional venipuncture areas. It is essential to know about different veins like the subclavian vein, internal jugular vein, and veins in the arm including the cephalic vein, basilic vein, and the median cubital vein, which is a frequent site for drawing blood located in the antecubital region. Not only are the sites for venipuncture important, but understanding the clinical implications such as infection risk associated with venous catheters is also critical. In a case study, complications like localized infection at the catheter site evidenced by redness and warmth, as well as fever, were noted, which required medical intervention with antiseptics and antibiotics like oxacillin.
When inserting a venous catheter, medical professionals must consider factors such as blood pressure within the vein, blood flow within the vein, and the overall return of blood to the heart. An awareness of potential complications, patient consent, evaluation of allergy risk, and monitoring of the patient's vitals during procedures is paramount to ensure patient safety and the success of the venipuncture or catheter insertion.