Final answer:
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability due to a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to toxic levels of phenylalanine in the body that can damage the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition called Phenylketonuria (PKU) is associated with intellectual disability.
Phenylketonuria is a genetic metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme's normal function is to convert the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this process is impaired due to the enzyme deficiency, phenylalanine accumulates in the body to toxic levels, leading to damage to the central nervous system and brain. Symptoms of PKU include delayed neurological development, hyperactivity, intellectual disability, seizures, skin rash, tremors, and uncontrolled movements.
If untreated, PKU can cause severe brain damage and intellectual disability. It is essential for individuals with PKU to maintain a strict diet low in phenylalanine to avoid these complications. PKU is usually diagnosed through newborn screening programs, and early intervention with a specialized diet can minimize the impact of the condition.