Final answer:
Sildenafil (Viagra) is primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow to the phallus. Counseling a male patient involves outlining the medication's effectiveness in achieving erections, potential risks, especially for individuals with cardiac conditions or those on nitrates, and discussing alternatives and lifestyle changes if needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
When counseling a male patient about the goal of therapy with sildenafil (Viagra), it is important to emphasize that sildenafil is designed to help treat erectile dysfunction (ED) by increasing blood flow to the phallus, which facilitates the ability to initiate and maintain an erection. The mechanism behind sildenafil involves the inhibition of an enzyme called phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which is part of the vasodilation signaling pathway. Sildenafil has been shown to be effective in treating approximately 70 to 85 percent of cases of ED.
However, patients need to be aware of the potential risks, especially for those with cardiac disease or those taking nitrates, as the combination can lead to serious complications. Also, side effects such as priapism (an erection lasting longer than 4 hours), impaired heart function, and prostate enlargement, among others, can occur. It is crucial that male patients discuss their health status with a physician to ensure they are suitable candidates for using this medication.
Treatments such as lifestyle changes and other medications may also be recommended, especially if sildenafil is not suitable or if side effects are experienced. It is the role of the nurse to provide comprehensive information on the benefits and risks associated with sildenafil to assist patients in making informed decisions about their treatment plan for ED.