Final answer:
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors increase cardiac output by raising heart rate and ejection fraction, while Beta-2 adrenergic receptors cause smooth muscle relaxation, particularly in the bronchi. Beta blockers can inhibit these receptors, effectively treating hypertension but requiring careful prescription due to potential side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Beta-1 and Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors:
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in the heart. They play a significant role in cardiac function by increasing cardiac output. This is achieved through two main effects: a raise in heart rate (chronotropy) and an increase in the volume expelled with each heartbeat (inotropy) which results in an elevated ejection fraction. Beta-2 adrenergic receptors, on the other hand, are largely found in smooth muscles, such as those lining the bronchi of the lungs. The binding of agonists to these receptors causes smooth muscle relaxation.
For instance during the fight-or-flight response, the activation of Beta-2 receptors leads to bronchodilation, which allows for increased airflow and oxygen delivery to the body. It is important to note that cardiac medications known as beta blockers work by inhibiting these receptors. By blocking Beta-1 receptors these drugs can slow down heart rate and are commonly prescribed as a treatment for hypertension. However caution is advised as overprescription may lead to bradycardia or even cardiac arrest.