Final answer:
Airplanes turn by banking, where the pilot achieves greater lift, with the vertical component balancing the plane's weight and the horizontal component facilitating the turn. Taking off into the wind is preferable for airplanes as it provides greater lift at lower ground speeds. Pilots must also adjust their heading to compensate for the wind direction during flight.
Step-by-step explanation:
An airplane of standard configuration may have an insistent tendency to turn due to several factors, such as engine torque, wind, and aerodynamic design. However, when discussing turning in the context of intended flight maneuvers, an airplane turns by banking.
The pilot obtains greater lift during a bank, which facilitates a turn. The vertical component of lift counteracts the airplane's weight, while the horizontal component provides the necessary acceleration for the turn. This phenomenon is similar to the forces experienced in a car taking a banked curve.
When discussing why it is preferable for airplanes to take off into the wind, it's primarily because taking off against the wind increases the airflow over the wings, which contributes to greater lift at lower ground speeds. This is critical for a safe and efficient takeoff. Moreover, the discussion of how pilots must compensate for wind direction during flight is a concept closely related to vector addition, where the plane must adjust its heading to achieve the intended path over the ground due to crosswinds.