Final answer:
Excessive torque loading of the drive line can cause twisted tubing and shaft runout.
Step-by-step explanation:
Excessive torque loading of the drive line can cause twisted tubing, which refers to a situation where the tubing of the drive line becomes twisted due to the excessive torque. This can lead to a loss of power transmission and potential damage to the drive line components.
Excessive torque loading can also cause shaft runout, which is a condition where the shaft of the drive line is bent or misaligned. This can result in vibrations, decreased performance, and possible failure of the drive line.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d) Shaft runout, which is usually caused by excessive torque loading of the drive line.