Final answer:
The correct answer is option d) camber. Leaf spring front ends can correct camber angle with the use of shims.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option d) camber.
Leaf spring front ends are typically found in older vehicles and truck suspension systems. The alignment angles that can be corrected using shims on a leaf spring front end include camber and sometimes caster.
Camber refers to the inward or outward tilt of the top of the tire. Shims can be inserted between the leaf springs and the axle to adjust the camber angle. This helps ensure even tire wear and proper handling.
The correct answer is option c) caster. Shims are thin pieces of material, usually metal, used to adjust the alignment of vehicle wheels.
Particularly on vehicles with a leaf spring front end, which are more common in older or heavy-duty vehicles, shims can be placed between the leaf spring and the axle.
This modification can adjust the angle of the tilt of the steering axis, which is known as the caster angle. Adjusting the caster can affect the steering dynamics and wheel stability during travel, especially at high speeds.
The caster angle helps balance steering effort, stability, and cornering effectiveness. Shims are not typically used for adjusting turning radius, toe, or camber in this type of suspension system.