Final answer:
Hyperglycemia symptoms include thirst, frequent urination, hunger, abdominal pain, and confusion. They are related to diabetes mellitus due to the body's inability to use glucose effectively. If untreated, it can lead to nerve and organ damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms of hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can indeed include a variety of reactions in the body due to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. These symptoms are associated with diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by problems with insulin which result in elevated blood glucose levels. Common symptoms include, but are not limited to, excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), increased hunger (polyphagia), abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, dim or blurred vision, confusion, slurred speech, and a rapid pulse.
Two of the early manifestations that are quite distinct for diabetes are excessive urination and thirst. The kidneys work overtime to filter out the excess glucose in the blood, which draws water into the urine, resulting in a large quantity of urine and concomitant dehydration. Because the body's cells cannot effectively use the glucose in the blood, a person may also experience persistent hunger. Over time, these high levels of glucose can lead to significant nerve and organ damage if not addressed.