Final answer:
The risk for neural tube defects is reduced by supplementation with folate, an essential B vitamin needed for the proper development of the neural tube during early pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research has demonstrated that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered with the fortification of and/or supplementation with folate. Folate, a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the neural tube. During the early stages of pregnancy, it is essential to ensure sufficient folate consumption to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends a daily intake of at least 400 µg/day of folate from supplements or fortified foods for all women who might become pregnant. Leafy green vegetables, whole wheat, fruits, nuts, and legumes are some natural sources of folate. However, due to the prevalence of poor diets and the importance of folate in pregnancy, supplements and fortified foods are recommended to meet the necessary daily intake.