Final answer:
The Fourteenth Amendment includes the Privileges and Immunities Clause, ensuring that states cannot enact laws that infringe upon the rights of U.S. citizens or discriminate against citizens from other states, notably protecting equal treatment and the right to travel.
Step-by-step explanation:
The constitutional amendment that includes the Privileges and Immunities Clause is the Fourteenth Amendment. This amendment, ratified in 1868, ensures that no state can make or enforce laws that abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. Moreover, it requires states to treat citizens of each state with the same respect and grant them the same privileges as their own citizens. This includes the right to due process and equal protection of the laws.
One of the key roles of the Privileges and Immunities Clause is to maintain equality among citizens. It plays a crucial part in protecting individual rights when citizens are out of their home state, providing legal protection, property rights, and the right to travel without facing discrimination based on state citizenship.
There has been extensive debate over the years about the exact scope of this clause. However, through various court rulings, it has been determined that certain fundamental rights, like the right to travel between states, are protected under this clause.