Final answer:
To prevent hypoxia, medical professionals carefully balance oxygen supplementation to maintain adequate oxygenation in newborns without exposing them to excess oxygen and its associated risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The goal is to prevent hypoxia without using excess oxygen and exposing the newborn to the potential risks of additional, unnecessary oxygen. Hypoxia is a condition in which there is an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. The medical professionals aim to maintain adequate oxygenation while avoiding the possible complications that come with excess oxygen use, such as oxidative stress or retinopathy. It's critical to monitor the infant closely to provide just enough support to ensure proper oxygen levels without crossing the threshold into potential harm.\
This delicate balance is key in neonatal care to promote the best outcomes for the newborn. Providing supplemental oxygen to a premature infant, for instance, necessitates careful consideration and vigilant management to avoid both hypoxia and oxygen-induced damage. This can be seen in exercise or diseases that affect the respiratory or digestive tracts. In contrast, hyperventilation is an increased ventilation rate that leads to abnormally low blood carbon dioxide levels and high blood pH, independent of cellular oxygen needs.