Final answer:
Initial resuscitation of newborns ≥ 35 weeks gestation often starts with 21-30% oxygen. Newborns < 35 weeks may require 30-40% supplemental oxygen to assist underdeveloped lungs, but the levels must be carefully managed.
Step-by-step explanation:
For initial resuscitation of newborns greater than or equal to 35 weeks gestation, it is typically recommended to start with a lower concentration of oxygen, around 21-30% oxygen to avoid oxygen toxicity. However, the exact percentage can depend on the clinical guidelines followed, which may vary by institution or over time with changes in best practices. It's important to constantly monitor the baby's oxygen saturation and adjust the oxygen levels accordingly.
For newborns less than 35 weeks gestation, they often require higher levels of supplemental oxygen due to underdeveloped lungs, which may not produce enough surfactant. Surfactant is essential for keeping the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) open, and without it, the alveoli can collapse, leading to respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, premature infants are often started on a higher concentration of oxygen, which might be typically around 30-40%, but this must be carefully managed to avoid the risks of too high oxygen levels, including retinopathy of prematurity and other complications.
Premature infants require supplemental oxygen because their lungs may not be fully developed, which can result in inadequate gas exchange and low levels of oxygen in their bloodstream. Respiratory support helps to ensure that their organs receive the oxygen necessary to function properly.