Final answer:
Penicillins are used in combination with aminoglycosides for some infections because they have a synergistic effect. When preparing and scheduling the two medications, considerations include avoiding interactions and adjusting dosages based on renal function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Penicillins are often used in combination with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin for some infections because they have a synergistic effect, meaning that the combination of both drugs is more effective in killing bacteria than either drug alone. Penicillins work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in bacteria, while aminoglycosides disrupt protein synthesis. By targeting different aspects of bacterial growth, the combination of both drugs can effectively kill a broader range of bacteria, including those that are resistant to one of the drugs.
When preparing and scheduling the two medications, several important considerations must be taken into account. First, the two drugs should be administered at different times to avoid potential interactions, as some penicillins can inactivate aminoglycosides when given concurrently. Additionally, the dosages of both drugs should be carefully adjusted based on the patient's renal function, as aminoglycosides can be nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidneys) and require dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function.