Final answer:
The appropriate fluid bolus for shock resuscitation in a child with a normal heart is typically 20 ml/kg of isotonic saline or lactated Ringer's solution, which is given intravenously. It may be repeated as necessary to treat hypovolemic shock caused by conditions like severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Step-by-step explanation:
The appropriate fluid bolus for shock resuscitation in a child with a normal heart typically includes an isotonic saline solution. This solution is administered intravenously to rapidly restore the circulating volume and improve blood pressure.
For children, the safe estimation of potential blood loss is considered to be 7 ml/kg of body weight. Furthermore, isotonic saline solutions are chosen for their compatibility with the body's plasma, preventing the problems associated with either a hypotonic or hypertonic environment, which might exacerbate the condition.
In the case of fluid excretion high in sodium and bicarbonate, a combination of two-thirds isotonic saline and one-third sodium lactate is recommended. The treatment goal in shock resuscitation is to achieve hemodynamic stability and recovery of adequate urine production, typically defined as 1 ml/kg body weight per hour, as well as improving the patient's overall clinical condition.