Final answer:
During a MIDCAB procedure on CPB, vessels such as the subclavian vein, internal thoracic vein, axillary vein, cephalic vein, brachial and intercostal veins, basilic vein, and median cubital vein might be cannulated depending on patient anatomy and surgical requirements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vessels Cannulated in MIDCAB on CPB
The student is asking about the vessels that are cannulated during a Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) performed on Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB). In a typical MIDCAB procedure, the following vessels may be cannulated:
- The subclavian vein, for venous drainage.
- The internal thoracic vein, which may be used as a graft.
- Axillary vein, another alternative for venous drainage.
- Cephalic vein, useful for venous access and cannulation.
- The brachial veins and intercostal veins, which might be involved in specific surgical approaches or venous drainage.
- Basilic vein and median cubital vein, common veins for peripheral access.
- The thoracoepigastric vein, which can be relevant in certain anatomical variations or operative techniques.
These vessels are usually chosen based on their location, size, and the specific needs of the surgical procedure. It's important to consider the individual patient's anatomy and the surgeon's preference when selecting the cannulation sites for CPB during MIDCAB.