Final answer:
Two types of aortic occlusion used during Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) surgery are external aortic cross-clamping and endoluminal balloon occlusion. These methods are necessary for creating a bloodless field while the patient is supported by Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) and vary based on patient conditions and surgeon's preference.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns two types of aortic occlusion for Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) during Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) surgery. In this type of procedure, typically two methods of aortic occlusion are used:
- External aortic cross-clamping: This approach involves the use of a clamp applied externally to the aorta to occlude blood flow.
- Endoluminal balloon occlusion: Here, a catheter with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the aorta, and the balloon is inflated to occlude blood flow internally.
Both methods aim to provide a bloodless field for the surgeon while maintaining perfusion to the rest of the body using the CPB machine. MIDCAB is a less invasive option for bypass surgery and uses these occlusion techniques to facilitate the procedure while minimizing the trauma typically associated with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the choice between external clamping and endoluminal occlusion will depend on various factors, including patient anatomy and the surgeon's preference.